![]() 4 Additional classification systems include Danis-Weber and OA/OTA (please see supplemental assessment). 3 Similarly, a recent small study found that the mechanisms proposed by Lauge-Hansen were only 58% accurate in predicting actual fracture patterns. 2 However, one report found that nearly 53% of the ankle injuries studied did not coincide with the predicted injury pattern based on mechanism of injury, and that 14% had a common fracture pattern not explained by the various combination of forces proposed by Lauge-Hansen. The Lauge-Hansen classification system for ankle fractures attempts to link mechanism of injury and fracture pattern. 1 However, the exact combination of forces that produce a particular pattern of fracture is still not clear. Such movements almost always include inversion or eversion. EtiologyĪnkle fractures typically result from a sudden, forceful twisting movement in multiple planes. Pediatric ankle fractures typically involve the physis and are not within the scope of this article. Information on ligament injuries and ankle sprains may be found in “ Ankle Sprain”. Information on foot and ankle stress fractures and other overuse injuries can be found in “ Ankle and Foot Overuse Disorders”. This article will focus strictly on fractures of distal tibia and fibula in the adult patient. Ankle fractures refer to any fracture involving the bones of the talocrural joint, namely the distal aspects of the tibia and fibula, and the talus.
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